package org.jgroups.blocks.cs;

import org.jgroups.Address;
import org.jgroups.Global;
import org.jgroups.Version;
import org.jgroups.nio.Buffers;
import org.jgroups.stack.IpAddress;
import org.jgroups.util.*;

import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * An NIO based impl of {@link Connection}
 * @author Bela Ban
 * @since  3.6.5
 */
public class NioConnection extends Connection {
    protected SocketChannel       channel;      // the channel to the peer
    protected SelectionKey        key;
    protected final NioBaseServer server;

    protected final Buffers       send_buf;     // send messages via gathering writes
    protected boolean             write_interest_set; // set when a send() didn't manage to send all data
    protected boolean             copy_on_partial_write=true;
    protected int                 partial_writes; // number of partial writes (write which did not write all bytes)
    protected final Lock          send_lock=new ReentrantLock(); // serialize send()

    // creates an array of 2: length buffer (for reading the length of the following data buffer) and data buffer
    // protected Buffers             recv_buf=new Buffers(2).add(ByteBuffer.allocate(Global.INT_SIZE), null);
    protected Buffers             recv_buf=new Buffers(4).add(ByteBuffer.allocate(cookie.length));
    protected Reader              reader=new Reader(); // manages the thread which receives messages
    protected long                reader_idle_time=20000; // number of ms a reader can be idle (no msgs) until it terminates
    protected boolean             connected;



     /** Creates a connection stub and binds it, use {@link #connect(Address)} to connect */
    public NioConnection(Address peer_addr, NioBaseServer server) throws Exception {
        this.server=server;
        if(peer_addr == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid parameter peer_addr="+ peer_addr);
        this.peer_addr=peer_addr;
        send_buf=new Buffers(server.maxSendBuffers() *2); // space for actual bufs and length bufs!
        channel=server.socketFactory().createSocketChannel("jgroups.nio.client");
        channel.configureBlocking(false);
        setSocketParameters(channel.socket());
        last_access=getTimestamp(); // last time a message was sent or received (ns)
        recv_buf.maxLength(server.getMaxLength());
    }

    public NioConnection(SocketChannel channel, NioBaseServer server) throws Exception {
        this.channel=channel;
        this.server=server;
        setSocketParameters(this.channel.socket());
        channel.configureBlocking(false);
        this.connected=channel.isConnected();
        send_buf=new Buffers(server.maxSendBuffers() *2); // space for actual bufs and length bufs!
        this.peer_addr=server.usePeerConnections()? null /* read by first receive() */
          : new IpAddress((InetSocketAddress)channel.getRemoteAddress());
        last_access=getTimestamp(); // last time a message was sent or received (ns)
        recv_buf.maxLength(server.getMaxLength());
    }




    @Override
    public boolean isOpen() {
        return channel != null && channel.isOpen();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isConnected() {
        return connected;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isConnectionPending() {return channel != null && channel.isConnectionPending();}

    @Override
    public boolean isExpired(long now) {
        return server.connExpireTime() > 0 && now - last_access >= server.connExpireTime();
    }

    protected void updateLastAccessed() {
        if(server.connExpireTime() > 0)
            last_access=getTimestamp();
    }

    @Override
    public Address localAddress() {
        InetSocketAddress local_addr=null;
        if(channel != null) {
            try {local_addr=(InetSocketAddress)channel.getLocalAddress();} catch(IOException e) {}
        }
        return local_addr != null? new IpAddress(local_addr) : null;
    }

    public Address       peerAddress()                 {return peer_addr;}
    public SelectionKey  key()                         {return key;}
    public NioConnection key(SelectionKey k)           {this.key=k; return this;}
    public NioConnection copyOnPartialWrite(boolean b) {this.copy_on_partial_write=b; return this;}
    public boolean       copyOnPartialWrite()          {return copy_on_partial_write;}
    public int           numPartialWrites()            {return partial_writes;}
    public long          readerIdleTime()              {return reader_idle_time;}
    public NioConnection readerIdleTime(long t)        {this.reader_idle_time=t; return this;}
    public boolean       readerRunning()               {return this.reader.isRunning();}
    public NioConnection connected(boolean c)          {connected=c; return this;}

    public synchronized void registerSelectionKey(int interest_ops) {
        if(key == null)
            return;
        key.interestOps(key.interestOps() | interest_ops);
    }

    public synchronized void clearSelectionKey(int interest_ops) {
        if(key == null)
            return;
        key.interestOps(key.interestOps() & ~interest_ops);
    }


    @Override
    public void connect(Address dest) throws Exception {
        connect(dest, server.usePeerConnections());
    }

    protected void connect(Address dest, boolean send_local_addr) throws Exception {
        SocketAddress destAddr=new InetSocketAddress(((IpAddress)dest).getIpAddress(), ((IpAddress)dest).getPort());
        try {
            if(!server.deferClientBinding())
                this.channel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(server.clientBindAddress(), server.clientBindPort()));
            this.key=server.register(channel, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT | SelectionKey.OP_READ, this);
            if(Util.connect(channel, destAddr) && channel.finishConnect()) {
                clearSelectionKey(SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
                this.connected=channel.isConnected();
            }
            if(this.channel.getLocalAddress() != null && this.channel.getLocalAddress().equals(destAddr))
                throw new IllegalStateException("socket's bind and connect address are the same: " + destAddr);
            if(send_local_addr)
                sendLocalAddress(server.localAddress());
        }
        catch(Exception t) {
            close();
            throw t;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void start() throws Exception {
        ; // nothing to be done here
    }

    @Override
    public void send(byte[] buf, int offset, int length) throws Exception {
        send(ByteBuffer.wrap(buf, offset, length));
    }

    /**
     * Sends a message. If the previous write didn't complete, tries to complete it. If this still doesn't complete,
     * the message is dropped (needs to be retransmitted, e.g. by UNICAST3 or NAKACK2).
     * @param buf
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void send(ByteBuffer buf) throws Exception {
        send(buf, true);
    }


    public void send() throws Exception {
        send_lock.lock();
        try {
            boolean success=send_buf.write(channel);
            writeInterest(!success);
            if(success)
                updateLastAccessed();
            if(!success) {
                if(copy_on_partial_write)
                    send_buf.copy(); // copy data on partial write as subsequent writes might corrupt data (https://issues.jboss.org/browse/JGRP-1991)
                partial_writes++;
            }
        }
        finally {
            send_lock.unlock();
        }
    }



    /** Read the length first, then the actual data. This method is not reentrant and access must be synchronized */
    public void receive() throws Exception {
        reader.receive();
    }

    protected void send(ByteBuffer buf, boolean send_length) throws Exception {
        send_lock.lock();
        try {
            // makeLengthBuffer() reuses the same pre-allocated buffer and copies it only if the write didn't complete
            if(send_length)
                send_buf.add(makeLengthBuffer(buf), buf);
            else
                send_buf.add(buf);
            boolean success=send_buf.write(channel);
            writeInterest(!success);
            if(success)
                updateLastAccessed();
            if(!success) {
                if(copy_on_partial_write)
                    send_buf.copy(); // copy data on partial write as subsequent writes might corrupt data (https://issues.jboss.org/browse/JGRP-1991)
                partial_writes++;
            }
        }
        finally {
            send_lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    protected boolean _receive(boolean update) throws Exception {
        ByteBuffer msg;
        Receiver   receiver=server.receiver();

        if(peer_addr == null && server.usePeerConnections() && (peer_addr=readPeerAddress()) != null) {
            recv_buf=new Buffers(2).add(ByteBuffer.allocate(Global.INT_SIZE), null).maxLength(server.max_length);
            server.addConnection(peer_addr, this);
            return true;
        }

        if((msg=recv_buf.readLengthAndData(channel)) == null)
            return false;
        if(receiver != null)
            receiver.receive(peer_addr, msg);
        if(update)
            updateLastAccessed();
        return true;
    }


    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException {
        send_lock.lock();
        try {
            if(send_buf.remaining() > 0) { // try to flush send buffer if it still has pending data to send
                try {send();} catch(Throwable e) {}
            }
            Util.close(reader);
            server.socketFactory().close(channel);
        }
        finally {
            connected=false;
            send_lock.unlock();
        }
    }


    public String toString() {
        InetSocketAddress local=null, remote=null;
        try {local=channel != null? (InetSocketAddress)channel.getLocalAddress() : null;} catch(Throwable t) {}
        try {remote=channel != null? (InetSocketAddress)channel.getRemoteAddress() : null;} catch(Throwable t) {}
        String loc=local == null ? "n/a" : local.getHostString() + ":" + local.getPort(),
          rem=remote == null? "n/a" : remote.getHostString() + ":" + remote.getPort();
        return String.format("<%s --> %s> (%d secs old) [%s] [recv_buf: %d, reader=%b]",
                             loc, rem, TimeUnit.SECONDS.convert(getTimestamp() - last_access, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS),
                             status(), recv_buf.get(1) != null? recv_buf.get(1).capacity() : 0, readerRunning());
    }

    @Override
    public String status() {
        if(channel == null)       return "n/a";
        if(isConnected())         return "connected";
        if(isConnectionPending()) return "connection pending";
        if(isOpen())              return "open";
        return "closed";
    }

    protected long getTimestamp() {
        return server.timeService() != null? server.timeService().timestamp() : System.nanoTime();
    }

    protected void writeInterest(boolean register) {
        if(register) {
            if(!write_interest_set) {
                write_interest_set=true;
                registerSelectionKey(SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
            }
        }
        else {
            if(write_interest_set) {
                write_interest_set=false;
                clearSelectionKey(SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
            }
        }
    }

    protected void setSocketParameters(Socket client_sock) throws SocketException {
        try {
            if(server.sendBufferSize() > 0)
                client_sock.setSendBufferSize(server.sendBufferSize());
        }
        catch(IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            server.log().error("%s: exception setting send buffer to %d bytes: %s", server.localAddress(), server.sendBufferSize(), ex);
        }
        try {
            if(server.receiveBufferSize() > 0)
                client_sock.setReceiveBufferSize(server.receiveBufferSize());
        }
        catch(IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            server.log().error("%s: exception setting receive buffer to %d bytes: %s", server.localAddress(), server.receiveBufferSize(), ex);
        }

        client_sock.setKeepAlive(true);
        client_sock.setTcpNoDelay(server.tcpNodelay());
        try { // todo: remove try-catch clause one https://github.com/oracle/graal/issues/1087 has been fixed
            if(server.linger() > 0)
                client_sock.setSoLinger(true, server.linger());
            else
                client_sock.setSoLinger(false, -1);
        }
        catch(Throwable t) {
            server.log().warn("%s: failed setting SO_LINGER option: %s", server.localAddress(), t);
        }
    }

    protected void sendLocalAddress(Address local_addr) throws Exception {
        try {
            int addr_size=local_addr.serializedSize();
            int expected_size=cookie.length + Global.SHORT_SIZE*2 + addr_size;
            ByteArrayDataOutputStream out=new ByteArrayDataOutputStream(expected_size +2);
            out.write(cookie, 0, cookie.length);
            out.writeShort(Version.version);
            out.writeShort(addr_size); // address size
            local_addr.writeTo(out);
            ByteBuffer buf=out.getByteBuffer();
            send(buf, false);
            updateLastAccessed();
        }
        catch(Exception ex) {
            close();
            throw ex;
        }
    }

    protected Address readPeerAddress() throws Exception {
        while(recv_buf.read(channel)) {
            int current_position=recv_buf.position()-1;
            ByteBuffer buf=recv_buf.get(current_position);
            if(buf == null)
                return null;
            // Workaround for JDK8 compatibility
            // flip() returns java.nio.Buffer in JDK8, but java.nio.ByteBuffer since JDK9.
            ((java.nio.Buffer) buf).flip();
            switch(current_position) {
                case 0:      // cookie
                    byte[] cookie_buf=getBuffer(buf);
                    if(!Arrays.equals(cookie, cookie_buf))
                        throw new IllegalStateException("BaseServer.NioConnection.readPeerAddress(): cookie read by "
                                                          + server.localAddress() + " does not match own cookie; terminating connection");
                    recv_buf.add(ByteBuffer.allocate(Global.SHORT_SIZE));
                    break;
                case 1:      // version
                    short version=buf.getShort();
                    if(!Version.isBinaryCompatible(version))
                        throw new IOException("packet from " + channel.getRemoteAddress() + " has different version (" + Version.print(version) +
                                                ") from ours (" + Version.printVersion() + "); discarding it");
                    recv_buf.add(ByteBuffer.allocate(Global.SHORT_SIZE));
                    break;
                case 2:      // length of address
                    short addr_len=buf.getShort();
                    recv_buf.add(ByteBuffer.allocate(addr_len));
                    break;
                case 3:      // address
                    byte[] addr_buf=getBuffer(buf);
                    ByteArrayDataInputStream in=new ByteArrayDataInputStream(addr_buf);
                    IpAddress addr=new IpAddress();
                    addr.readFrom(in);
                    return addr;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("position %d is invalid", recv_buf.position()));
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    protected static byte[] getBuffer(final ByteBuffer buf) {
        byte[] retval=new byte[buf.limit()];
        buf.get(retval, buf.position(), buf.limit());
        return retval;
    }


    protected static ByteBuffer makeLengthBuffer(ByteBuffer buf) {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(Global.INT_SIZE).putInt(buf.remaining());
        // Workaround for JDK8 compatibility
        // clear() returns java.nio.Buffer in JDK8, but java.nio.ByteBuffer since JDK9.
        ((java.nio.Buffer) buffer).clear();
        return buffer;
    }

    protected enum State {reading, waiting_to_terminate, done}

    protected class Reader implements Runnable, Closeable {
        protected final Lock       lock=new ReentrantLock(); // to synchronize receive() and state transitions
        protected State            state=State.done;
        protected volatile boolean data_available=true;
        protected final CondVar    data_available_cond=new CondVar();
        protected volatile Thread  thread;
        protected volatile boolean running;

        protected void start() {
            running=true;
            thread=server.factory.newThread(this, String.format("NioConnection.Reader [%s]", peer_addr));
            thread.setDaemon(true);
            thread.start();
        }


        protected void stop() {
            running=false;
            data_available=true;
            data_available_cond.signal(false);
        }

        public void    close() throws IOException {stop();}
        public boolean isRunning()                {Thread tmp=thread; return tmp != null && tmp.isAlive();}

        /** Called by the selector when data is ready to be read from the SocketChannel */
        public void receive() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                data_available=true;
                // only a single receive() at a time, until OP_READ is registered again (by the reader thread)
                clear(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                switch(state) {
                    case reading:
                        break;
                    case waiting_to_terminate:
                        data_available_cond.signal(false); // only 1 consumer
                        break;
                    case done:
                        // make sure the selector doesn't wake up for our connection while the reader is reading msgs
                        state=State.reading;
                        start();
                        break;
                }
            }
            finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }

        public void run() {
            try {
                _run();
            }
            finally {
                register(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            }
        }

        protected void _run() {
            final Condition is_data_available=() -> data_available || !running;
            while(running) {
                for(;;) { // try to receive as many msgs as possible, until no more msgs are ready or the conn is closed
                    try {
                        if(!_receive(false))
                            break;
                    }
                    catch(Exception ex) {
                        if(!(ex instanceof SocketException || ex instanceof EOFException
                          || ex instanceof ClosedChannelException))
                            server.log.warn("failed handling message", ex);
                        server.closeConnection(NioConnection.this);
                        state(State.done);
                        return;
                    }
                }
                updateLastAccessed();

                // Transition to state waiting_to_terminate and wait for server.readerIdleTime() ms
                state(State.waiting_to_terminate);
                data_available=false;
                register(SelectionKey.OP_READ); // now we might get receive() calls again
                if(data_available_cond.waitFor(is_data_available, server.readerIdleTime(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))
                    state(State.reading);
                else {
                    state(State.done);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }

        protected void register(int op) {
            try {
                registerSelectionKey(op);
                key.selector().wakeup(); // no-op if the selector is not blocked in select()
            }
            catch(Exception t) {
            }
        }

        protected void clear(int op) {
            try {
                clearSelectionKey(op);
            }
            catch(Exception t) {
            }
        }

        protected void state(State st) {
            lock.lock();
            try {this.state=st;}
            finally {lock.unlock();}
        }

    }

}
