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	   Copyright 2020 t-io
	
	   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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*/
package org.tio.utils.hutool;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;

public class StrUtil {

	public static final int		INDEX_NOT_FOUND	= -1;
	public static final String	EMPTY			= "";

	private static int		cacheSize	= 2048;
	private static String[]	caches		= new String[cacheSize];
	static {
		for (int i = 0; i < cacheSize; i++) {
			caches[i] = String.valueOf(i);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 用缓存将int转成str
	 * @param data
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String int2Str(int data) {
		if (data < cacheSize) {
			return caches[data];
		} else {
			return String.valueOf(data);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 去除字符串两边空白符，传入null也返回null
	 * 
	 * @param value 值
	 * @return 去除空白符的值
	 */
	public static String trim(String value) {
		return (null == value) ? null : value.trim();
	}

	/**
	 * 字符串是否为空，空的定义如下:<br>
	 * 1、为null <br>
	 * 2、为""<br>
	 * 
	 * @param str 被检测的字符串
	 * @return 是否为空
	 */
	public static boolean isEmpty(CharSequence str) {
		return str == null || str.length() == 0;
	}

	/**
	 * 字符串是否为非空白 空白的定义如下： <br>
	 * 1、不为null <br>
	 * 2、不为不可见字符（如空格）<br>
	 * 3、不为""<br>
	 * 
	 * @param str 被检测的字符串
	 * @return 是否为非空
	 */
	public static boolean isNotBlank(CharSequence str) {
		return false == isBlank(str);
	}

	/**
	 * 字符串是否为空白 空白的定义如下： <br>
	 * 1、为null <br>
	 * 2、为不可见字符（如空格）<br>
	 * 3、""<br>
	 * 
	 * @param str 被检测的字符串
	 * @return 是否为空
	 */
	public static boolean isBlank(CharSequence str) {
		int length;

		if ((str == null) || ((length = str.length()) == 0)) {
			return true;
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
			// 只要有一个非空字符即为非空字符串
			if (false == isBlankChar(str.charAt(i))) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * 数组或集合转String
	 * 
	 * @param obj 集合或数组对象
	 * @return 数组字符串，与集合转字符串格式相同
	 */
	public static String arrayToString(Object obj) {
		if (null == obj) {
			return null;
		}
		if (isArray(obj)) {
			try {
				return Arrays.deepToString((Object[]) obj);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				final String className = obj.getClass().getComponentType().getName();
				switch (className) {
				case "long":
					return Arrays.toString((long[]) obj);
				case "int":
					return Arrays.toString((int[]) obj);
				case "short":
					return Arrays.toString((short[]) obj);
				case "char":
					return Arrays.toString((char[]) obj);
				case "byte":
					return Arrays.toString((byte[]) obj);
				case "boolean":
					return Arrays.toString((boolean[]) obj);
				case "float":
					return Arrays.toString((float[]) obj);
				case "double":
					return Arrays.toString((double[]) obj);
				default:
					throw new RuntimeException(e);
				}
			}
		}
		return obj.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * 是否以指定字符串开头，忽略大小写
	 * 
	 * @param str 被监测字符串
	 * @param prefix 开头字符串
	 * @return 是否以指定字符串开头
	 */
	public static boolean startWithIgnoreCase(CharSequence str, CharSequence prefix) {
		return startWith(str, prefix, true);
	}

	/**
	 * 是否以指定字符串开头<br>
	 * 如果给定的字符串和开头字符串都为null则返回true，否则任意一个值为null返回false
	 * 
	 * @param str 被监测字符串
	 * @param prefix 开头字符串
	 * @param isIgnoreCase 是否忽略大小写
	 * @return 是否以指定字符串开头
	 */
	public static boolean startWith(CharSequence str, CharSequence prefix, boolean isIgnoreCase) {
		if (null == str || null == prefix) {
			if (null == str && null == prefix) {
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}

		if (isIgnoreCase) {
			return str.toString().toLowerCase().startsWith(prefix.toString().toLowerCase());
		} else {
			return str.toString().startsWith(prefix.toString());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 比较两个字符串（大小写敏感）。
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * equals(null, null)   = true
	 * equals(null, &quot;abc&quot;)  = false
	 * equals(&quot;abc&quot;, null)  = false
	 * equals(&quot;abc&quot;, &quot;abc&quot;) = true
	 * equals(&quot;abc&quot;, &quot;ABC&quot;) = false
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param str1 要比较的字符串1
	 * @param str2 要比较的字符串2
	 * 
	 * @return 如果两个字符串相同，或者都是<code>null</code>，则返回<code>true</code>
	 */
	public static boolean equals(CharSequence str1, CharSequence str2) {
		return equals(str1, str2, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 比较两个字符串（大小写不敏感）。
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * equalsIgnoreCase(null, null)   = true
	 * equalsIgnoreCase(null, &quot;abc&quot;)  = false
	 * equalsIgnoreCase(&quot;abc&quot;, null)  = false
	 * equalsIgnoreCase(&quot;abc&quot;, &quot;abc&quot;) = true
	 * equalsIgnoreCase(&quot;abc&quot;, &quot;ABC&quot;) = true
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param str1 要比较的字符串1
	 * @param str2 要比较的字符串2
	 * 
	 * @return 如果两个字符串相同，或者都是<code>null</code>，则返回<code>true</code>
	 */
	public static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(CharSequence str1, CharSequence str2) {
		return equals(str1, str2, true);
	}

	/**
	 * 比较两个字符串是否相等。
	 * 
	 * @param str1 要比较的字符串1
	 * @param str2 要比较的字符串2
	 * @param ignoreCase 是否忽略大小写
	 * @return 如果两个字符串相同，或者都是<code>null</code>，则返回<code>true</code>
	 * @since 3.2.0
	 */
	public static boolean equals(CharSequence str1, CharSequence str2, boolean ignoreCase) {
		if (null == str1) {
			// 只有两个都为null才判断相等
			return str2 == null;
		}
		if (null == str2) {
			// 字符串2空，字符串1非空，直接false
			return false;
		}

		if (ignoreCase) {
			return str1.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(str2.toString());
		} else {
			return str1.equals(str2);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 将已有字符串填充为规定长度，如果已有字符串超过这个长度则返回这个字符串<br>
	 * 字符填充于字符串后
	 * 
	 * @param str 被填充的字符串
	 * @param filledChar 填充的字符
	 * @param len 填充长度
	 * @return 填充后的字符串
	 * @since 3.1.2
	 */
	public static String fillAfter(String str, char filledChar, int len) {
		return fill(str, filledChar, len, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 将已有字符串填充为规定长度，如果已有字符串超过这个长度则返回这个字符串
	 * 
	 * @param str 被填充的字符串
	 * @param filledChar 填充的字符
	 * @param len 填充长度
	 * @param isPre 是否填充在前
	 * @return 填充后的字符串
	 * @since 3.1.2
	 */
	public static String fill(String str, char filledChar, int len, boolean isPre) {
		final int strLen = str.length();
		if (strLen > len) {
			return str;
		}

		String filledStr = StrUtil.repeat(filledChar, len - strLen);
		return isPre ? filledStr.concat(str) : str.concat(filledStr);
	}

	/**
	 * 重复某个字符
	 * 
	 * @param c 被重复的字符
	 * @param count 重复的数目，如果小于等于0则返回""
	 * @return 重复字符字符串
	 */
	public static String repeat(char c, int count) {
		if (count <= 0) {
			return "";
		}

		char[] result = new char[count];
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			result[i] = c;
		}
		return new String(result);
	}

	/**
	 * 除去字符串头部的空白，如果字符串是<code>null</code>，则返回<code>null</code>。
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * 注意，和<code>String.trim</code>不同，此方法使用<code>CharUtil.isBlankChar</code> 来判定空白， 因而可以除去英文字符集之外的其它空白，如中文空格。
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * trimStart(null)         = null
	 * trimStart(&quot;&quot;)           = &quot;&quot;
	 * trimStart(&quot;abc&quot;)        = &quot;abc&quot;
	 * trimStart(&quot;  abc&quot;)      = &quot;abc&quot;
	 * trimStart(&quot;abc  &quot;)      = &quot;abc  &quot;
	 * trimStart(&quot; abc &quot;)      = &quot;abc &quot;
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param str 要处理的字符串
	 * 
	 * @return 除去空白的字符串，如果原字串为<code>null</code>或结果字符串为<code>""</code>，则返回 <code>null</code>
	 */
	public static String trimStart(CharSequence str) {
		return trim(str, -1);
	}

	/**
	 * 除去字符串尾部的空白，如果字符串是<code>null</code>，则返回<code>null</code>。
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * 注意，和<code>String.trim</code>不同，此方法使用<code>CharUtil.isBlankChar</code> 来判定空白， 因而可以除去英文字符集之外的其它空白，如中文空格。
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * trimEnd(null)       = null
	 * trimEnd(&quot;&quot;)         = &quot;&quot;
	 * trimEnd(&quot;abc&quot;)      = &quot;abc&quot;
	 * trimEnd(&quot;  abc&quot;)    = &quot;  abc&quot;
	 * trimEnd(&quot;abc  &quot;)    = &quot;abc&quot;
	 * trimEnd(&quot; abc &quot;)    = &quot; abc&quot;
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param str 要处理的字符串
	 * 
	 * @return 除去空白的字符串，如果原字串为<code>null</code>或结果字符串为<code>""</code>，则返回 <code>null</code>
	 */
	public static String trimEnd(CharSequence str) {
		return trim(str, 1);
	}

	/**
	 * 除去字符串头尾部的空白符，如果字符串是<code>null</code>，依然返回<code>null</code>。
	 * 
	 * @param str 要处理的字符串
	 * @param mode <code>-1</code>表示trimStart，<code>0</code>表示trim全部， <code>1</code>表示trimEnd
	 * 
	 * @return 除去指定字符后的的字符串，如果原字串为<code>null</code>，则返回<code>null</code>
	 */
	private static String trim(CharSequence str, int mode) {
		if (str == null) {
			return null;
		}

		int length = str.length();
		int start = 0;
		int end = length;

		// 扫描字符串头部
		if (mode <= 0) {
			while ((start < end) && (isBlankChar(str.charAt(start)))) {
				start++;
			}
		}

		// 扫描字符串尾部
		if (mode >= 0) {
			while ((start < end) && (isBlankChar(str.charAt(end - 1)))) {
				end--;
			}
		}

		if ((start > 0) || (end < length)) {
			return str.toString().substring(start, end);
		}

		return str.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * 对象是否为数组对象
	 * 
	 * @param obj 对象
	 * @return 是否为数组对象，如果为{@code null} 返回false
	 */
	private static boolean isArray(Object obj) {
		if (null == obj) {
			// throw new NullPointerException("Object check for isArray is null");
			return false;
		}
		return obj.getClass().isArray();
	}

	/**
	 * 是否空白符<br>
	 * 空白符包括空格、制表符、全角空格和不间断空格<br>
	 * 
	 * @see Character#isWhitespace(int)
	 * @see Character#isSpaceChar(int)
	 * @param c 字符
	 * @return 是否空白符
	 * @since 4.0.10
	 */
	private static boolean isBlankChar(char c) {
		return Character.isWhitespace(c) || Character.isSpaceChar(c) || c == '\ufeff' || c == '\u202a';
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内查找指定字符
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchChar 被查找的字符
	 * @return 位置
	 */
	public static int indexOf(final CharSequence str, char searchChar) {
		return indexOf(str, searchChar, 0);
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内查找指定字符
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchChar 被查找的字符
	 * @param start 起始位置，如果小于0，从0开始查找
	 * @return 位置
	 */
	public static int indexOf(final CharSequence str, char searchChar, int start) {
		if (str instanceof String) {
			return ((String) str).indexOf(searchChar, start);
		} else {
			return indexOf(str, searchChar, start, -1);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内查找指定字符
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchChar 被查找的字符
	 * @param start 起始位置，如果小于0，从0开始查找
	 * @param end 终止位置，如果超过str.length()则默认查找到字符串末尾
	 * @return 位置
	 */
	public static int indexOf(final CharSequence str, char searchChar, int start, int end) {
		final int len = str.length();
		if (start < 0 || start > len) {
			start = 0;
		}
		if (end > len || end < 0) {
			end = len;
		}
		for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
			if (str.charAt(i) == searchChar) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		return -1;
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内查找字符串，忽略大小写<br>
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase(null, *, *)          = -1
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase(*, null, *)          = -1
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("", "", 0)           = 0
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "A", 0)  = 0
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 0)  = 2
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "AB", 0) = 1
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 3)  = 5
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 9)  = -1
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", -1) = 2
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "", 2)   = 2
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("abc", "", 9)        = -1
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchStr 需要查找位置的字符串
	 * @return 位置
	 * @since 3.2.1
	 */
	public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr) {
		return indexOfIgnoreCase(str, searchStr, 0);
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内查找字符串
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase(null, *, *)          = -1
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase(*, null, *)          = -1
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("", "", 0)           = 0
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "A", 0)  = 0
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 0)  = 2
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "AB", 0) = 1
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 3)  = 5
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 9)  = -1
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", -1) = 2
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "", 2)   = 2
	 * StrUtil.indexOfIgnoreCase("abc", "", 9)        = -1
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchStr 需要查找位置的字符串
	 * @param fromIndex 起始位置
	 * @return 位置
	 * @since 3.2.1
	 */
	public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr, int fromIndex) {
		return indexOf(str, searchStr, fromIndex, true);
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内反向查找字符串
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchStr 需要查找位置的字符串
	 * @param fromIndex 起始位置
	 * @param ignoreCase 是否忽略大小写
	 * @return 位置
	 * @since 3.2.1
	 */
	public static int indexOf(final CharSequence str, CharSequence searchStr, int fromIndex, boolean ignoreCase) {
		if (str == null || searchStr == null) {
			return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
		}
		if (fromIndex < 0) {
			fromIndex = 0;
		}

		final int endLimit = str.length() - searchStr.length() + 1;
		if (fromIndex > endLimit) {
			return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
		}
		if (searchStr.length() == 0) {
			return fromIndex;
		}

		if (false == ignoreCase) {
			// 不忽略大小写调用JDK方法
			return str.toString().indexOf(searchStr.toString(), fromIndex);
		}

		for (int i = fromIndex; i < endLimit; i++) {
			if (isSubEquals(str, i, searchStr, 0, searchStr.length(), true)) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内查找字符串，忽略大小写<br>
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchStr 需要查找位置的字符串
	 * @return 位置
	 * @since 3.2.1
	 */
	public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr) {
		return lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(str, searchStr, str.length());
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内查找字符串，忽略大小写<br>
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchStr 需要查找位置的字符串
	 * @param fromIndex 起始位置，从后往前计数
	 * @return 位置
	 * @since 3.2.1
	 */
	public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr, int fromIndex) {
		return lastIndexOf(str, searchStr, fromIndex, true);
	}

	/**
	 * 指定范围内查找字符串<br>
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchStr 需要查找位置的字符串
	 * @param fromIndex 起始位置，从后往前计数
	 * @param ignoreCase 是否忽略大小写
	 * @return 位置
	 * @since 3.2.1
	 */
	public static int lastIndexOf(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr, int fromIndex, boolean ignoreCase) {
		if (str == null || searchStr == null) {
			return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
		}
		if (fromIndex < 0) {
			fromIndex = 0;
		}
		fromIndex = Math.min(fromIndex, str.length());

		if (searchStr.length() == 0) {
			return fromIndex;
		}

		if (false == ignoreCase) {
			// 不忽略大小写调用JDK方法
			return str.toString().lastIndexOf(searchStr.toString(), fromIndex);
		}

		for (int i = fromIndex; i > 0; i--) {
			if (isSubEquals(str, i, searchStr, 0, searchStr.length(), true)) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
	}

	/**
	 * 截取两个字符串的不同部分（长度一致），判断截取的子串是否相同<br>
	 * 任意一个字符串为null返回false
	 * 
	 * @param str1 第一个字符串
	 * @param start1 第一个字符串开始的位置
	 * @param str2 第二个字符串
	 * @param start2 第二个字符串开始的位置
	 * @param length 截取长度
	 * @param ignoreCase 是否忽略大小写
	 * @return 子串是否相同
	 * @since 3.2.1
	 */
	public static boolean isSubEquals(CharSequence str1, int start1, CharSequence str2, int start2, int length, boolean ignoreCase) {
		if (null == str1 || null == str2) {
			return false;
		}

		return str1.toString().regionMatches(ignoreCase, start1, str2.toString(), start2, length);
	}

	/**
	 * 字符串是否以给定字符开始
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param c 字符
	 * @return 是否开始
	 */
	public static boolean startWith(CharSequence str, char c) {
		return c == str.charAt(0);
	}

	/**
	 * 是否以指定字符串开头
	 * 
	 * @param str 被监测字符串
	 * @param prefix 开头字符串
	 * @return 是否以指定字符串开头
	 */
	public static boolean startWith(CharSequence str, CharSequence prefix) {
		return startWith(str, prefix, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 字符串是否以给定字符结尾
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param c 字符
	 * @return 是否结尾
	 */
	public static boolean endWith(CharSequence str, char c) {
		return c == str.charAt(str.length() - 1);
	}

	/**
	 * 是否以指定字符串结尾<br>
	 * 如果给定的字符串和开头字符串都为null则返回true，否则任意一个值为null返回false
	 * 
	 * @param str 被监测字符串
	 * @param suffix 结尾字符串
	 * @param isIgnoreCase 是否忽略大小写
	 * @return 是否以指定字符串结尾
	 */
	public static boolean endWith(CharSequence str, CharSequence suffix, boolean isIgnoreCase) {
		if (null == str || null == suffix) {
			if (null == str && null == suffix) {
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}

		if (isIgnoreCase) {
			return str.toString().toLowerCase().endsWith(suffix.toString().toLowerCase());
		} else {
			return str.toString().endsWith(suffix.toString());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 是否以指定字符串结尾
	 * 
	 * @param str 被监测字符串
	 * @param suffix 结尾字符串
	 * @return 是否以指定字符串结尾
	 */
	public static boolean endWith(CharSequence str, CharSequence suffix) {
		return endWith(str, suffix, false);
	}

	/**
	 * 是否以指定字符串结尾，忽略大小写
	 * 
	 * @param str 被监测字符串
	 * @param suffix 结尾字符串
	 * @return 是否以指定字符串结尾
	 */
	public static boolean endWithIgnoreCase(CharSequence str, CharSequence suffix) {
		return endWith(str, suffix, true);
	}

	/**
	 * 指定字符是否在字符串中出现过
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param searchChar 被查找的字符
	 * @return 是否包含
	 * @since 3.1.2
	 */
	public static boolean contains(CharSequence str, char searchChar) {
		return indexOf(str, searchChar) > -1;
	}

	/**
	 * 是否包含特定字符，忽略大小写，如果给定两个参数都为<code>null</code>，返回true
	 * 
	 * @param str 被检测字符串
	 * @param testStr 被测试是否包含的字符串
	 * @return 是否包含
	 */
	public static boolean containsIgnoreCase(CharSequence str, CharSequence testStr) {
		if (null == str) {
			// 如果被监测字符串和
			return null == testStr;
		}
		return str.toString().toLowerCase().contains(testStr.toString().toLowerCase());
	}

	/**
	 * @param str
	 * @param separator
	 * @return
	 * @author tanyaowu
	 */
	public static String[] split(String str, String separator) {
		if (str == null) {
			return null;
		}

		return str.split(separator);
	}

	/**
	 * 将对象转为字符串<br>
	 * 1、Byte数组和ByteBuffer会被转换为对应字符串的数组 2、对象数组会调用Arrays.toString方法
	 * 
	 * @param obj 对象
	 * @return 字符串
	 */
	public static String utf8Str(Object obj) {
		return str(obj, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
	}

	/**
	 * 将对象转为字符串<br>
	 * 1、Byte数组和ByteBuffer会被转换为对应字符串的数组 2、对象数组会调用Arrays.toString方法
	 * 
	 * @param obj 对象
	 * @param charsetName 字符集
	 * @return 字符串
	 */
	public static String str(Object obj, String charsetName) {
		return str(obj, Charset.forName(charsetName));
	}

	/**
	 * 将对象转为字符串<br>
	 * 1、Byte数组和ByteBuffer会被转换为对应字符串的数组 2、对象数组会调用Arrays.toString方法
	 * 
	 * @param obj 对象
	 * @param charset 字符集
	 * @return 字符串
	 */
	public static String str(Object obj, Charset charset) {
		if (null == obj) {
			return null;
		}

		if (obj instanceof String) {
			return (String) obj;
		} else if (obj instanceof byte[]) {
			return str((byte[]) obj, charset);
		} else if (obj instanceof Byte[]) {
			return str((Byte[]) obj, charset);
		} else if (obj instanceof ByteBuffer) {
			return str((ByteBuffer) obj, charset);
		} else if (ArrayUtil.isArray(obj)) {
			return ArrayUtil.toString(obj);
		}

		return obj.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * {@link CharSequence} 转为字符串，null安全
	 * 
	 * @param cs {@link CharSequence}
	 * @return 字符串
	 */
	public static String str(CharSequence cs) {
		return null == cs ? null : cs.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * 改进JDK subString<br>
	 * index从0开始计算，最后一个字符为-1<br>
	 * 如果from和to位置一样，返回 "" <br>
	 * 如果from或to为负数，则按照length从后向前数位置，如果绝对值大于字符串长度，则from归到0，to归到length<br>
	 * 如果经过修正的index中from大于to，则互换from和to example: <br>
	 * abcdefgh 2 3 =》 c <br>
	 * abcdefgh 2 -3 =》 cde <br>
	 * 
	 * @param str String
	 * @param fromIndex 开始的index（包括）
	 * @param toIndex 结束的index（不包括）
	 * @return 字串
	 */
	public static String sub(CharSequence str, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
		if (isEmpty(str)) {
			return str(str);
		}
		int len = str.length();

		if (fromIndex < 0) {
			fromIndex = len + fromIndex;
			if (fromIndex < 0) {
				fromIndex = 0;
			}
		} else if (fromIndex > len) {
			fromIndex = len;
		}

		if (toIndex < 0) {
			toIndex = len + toIndex;
			if (toIndex < 0) {
				toIndex = len;
			}
		} else if (toIndex > len) {
			toIndex = len;
		}

		if (toIndex < fromIndex) {
			int tmp = fromIndex;
			fromIndex = toIndex;
			toIndex = tmp;
		}

		if (fromIndex == toIndex) {
			return EMPTY;
		}

		return str.toString().substring(fromIndex, toIndex);
	}

	/**
	 * 截取部分字符串，这里一个汉字的长度认为是2
	 *
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @param len 切割的位置
	 * @param suffix 切割后加上后缀
	 * @return 切割后的字符串
	 * @since 3.1.1
	 */
	public static String subPreGbk(CharSequence str, int len, CharSequence suffix) {
		if (isEmpty(str)) {
			return str(str);
		}

		byte b[];
		int counterOfDoubleByte = 0;
		b = str.toString().getBytes(Charset.forName("GBK"));
		if (b.length <= len) {
			return str.toString();
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
			if (b[i] < 0) {
				counterOfDoubleByte++;
			}
		}

		if (counterOfDoubleByte % 2 != 0) {
			len += 1;
		}
		return new String(b, 0, len, Charset.forName("GBK")) + suffix;
	}

	/**
	 * 限制字符串长度，如果超过指定长度，截取指定长度并在末尾加"..."
	 * 
	 * @param string 字符串
	 * @param length 最大长度
	 * @return 切割后的剩余的前半部分字符串+"..."
	 * @since 4.0.10
	 */
	public static String maxLength(CharSequence string, int length) {

		if (null == string) {
			return null;
		}
		if (string.length() <= length) {
			return string.toString();
		}
		return sub(string, 0, length) + "...";
	}

	/**
	 * 切割指定位置之前部分的字符串
	 * 
	 * @param string 字符串
	 * @param toIndex 切割到的位置（不包括）
	 * @return 切割后的剩余的前半部分字符串
	 */
	public static String subPre(CharSequence string, int toIndex) {
		return sub(string, 0, toIndex);
	}

	/**
	 * 切割指定位置之后部分的字符串
	 * 
	 * @param string 字符串
	 * @param fromIndex 切割开始的位置（包括）
	 * @return 切割后后剩余的后半部分字符串
	 */
	public static String subSuf(CharSequence string, int fromIndex) {
		if (isEmpty(string)) {
			return null;
		}
		return sub(string, fromIndex, string.length());
	}

	/**
	 * 切割指定长度的后部分的字符串
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * StrUtil.subSufByLength("abcde", 3)      =    "cde"
	 * StrUtil.subSufByLength("abcde", 0)      =    ""
	 * StrUtil.subSufByLength("abcde", -5)     =    ""
	 * StrUtil.subSufByLength("abcde", -1)     =    ""
	 * StrUtil.subSufByLength("abcde", 5)       =    "abcde"
	 * StrUtil.subSufByLength("abcde", 10)     =    "abcde"
	 * StrUtil.subSufByLength(null, 3)               =    null
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param string 字符串
	 * @param length 切割长度
	 * @return 切割后后剩余的后半部分字符串
	 * @since 4.0.1
	 */
	public static String subSufByLength(CharSequence string, int length) {
		if (isEmpty(string)) {
			return null;
		}
		if (length <= 0) {
			return EMPTY;
		}
		return sub(string, -length, string.length());
	}

	/**
	 * 截取字符串,从指定位置开始,截取指定长度的字符串<br>
	 * author weibaohui
	 * 
	 * @param input 原始字符串
	 * @param fromIndex 开始的index,包括
	 * @param length 要截取的长度
	 * @return 截取后的字符串
	 */
	public static String subWithLength(String input, int fromIndex, int length) {
		return sub(input, fromIndex, fromIndex + length);
	}

	/**
	 * 截取分隔字符串之前的字符串，不包括分隔字符串<br>
	 * 如果给定的字符串为空串（null或""）或者分隔字符串为null，返回原字符串<br>
	 * 如果分隔字符串为空串""，则返回空串，如果分隔字符串未找到，返回原字符串
	 * 
	 * 栗子：
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * StrUtil.subBefore(null, *)      = null
	 * StrUtil.subBefore("", *)        = ""
	 * StrUtil.subBefore("abc", "a")   = ""
	 * StrUtil.subBefore("abcba", "b") = "a"
	 * StrUtil.subBefore("abc", "c")   = "ab"
	 * StrUtil.subBefore("abc", "d")   = "abc"
	 * StrUtil.subBefore("abc", "")    = ""
	 * StrUtil.subBefore("abc", null)  = "abc"
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param string 被查找的字符串
	 * @param separator 分隔字符串（不包括）
	 * @param isLastSeparator 是否查找最后一个分隔字符串（多次出现分隔字符串时选取最后一个），true为选取最后一个
	 * @return 切割后的字符串
	 * @since 3.1.1
	 */
	public static String subBefore(CharSequence string, CharSequence separator, boolean isLastSeparator) {
		if (isEmpty(string) || separator == null) {
			return null == string ? null : string.toString();
		}

		final String str = string.toString();
		final String sep = separator.toString();
		if (sep.isEmpty()) {
			return EMPTY;
		}
		final int pos = isLastSeparator ? str.lastIndexOf(sep) : str.indexOf(sep);
		if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
			return str;
		}
		return str.substring(0, pos);
	}

	/**
	 * 截取分隔字符串之后的字符串，不包括分隔字符串<br>
	 * 如果给定的字符串为空串（null或""），返回原字符串<br>
	 * 如果分隔字符串为空串（null或""），则返回空串，如果分隔字符串未找到，返回空串
	 *
	 * 栗子：
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * StrUtil.subAfter(null, *)      = null
	 * StrUtil.subAfter("", *)        = ""
	 * StrUtil.subAfter(*, null)      = ""
	 * StrUtil.subAfter("abc", "a")   = "bc"
	 * StrUtil.subAfter("abcba", "b") = "cba"
	 * StrUtil.subAfter("abc", "c")   = ""
	 * StrUtil.subAfter("abc", "d")   = ""
	 * StrUtil.subAfter("abc", "")    = "abc"
	 * </pre>
	 *
	 * @param string 被查找的字符串
	 * @param separator 分隔字符串（不包括）
	 * @param isLastSeparator 是否查找最后一个分隔字符串（多次出现分隔字符串时选取最后一个），true为选取最后一个
	 * @return 切割后的字符串
	 * @since 3.1.1
	 */
	public static String subAfter(CharSequence string, CharSequence separator, boolean isLastSeparator) {
		if (isEmpty(string)) {
			return null == string ? null : string.toString();
		}
		if (separator == null) {
			return EMPTY;
		}
		final String str = string.toString();
		final String sep = separator.toString();
		final int pos = isLastSeparator ? str.lastIndexOf(sep) : str.indexOf(sep);
		if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
			return EMPTY;
		}
		return str.substring(pos + separator.length());
	}

	/**
	 * 截取指定字符串中间部分，不包括标识字符串<br>
	 * 
	 * 栗子：
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("wx[b]yz", "[", "]") = "b"
	 * StrUtil.subBetween(null, *, *)          = null
	 * StrUtil.subBetween(*, null, *)          = null
	 * StrUtil.subBetween(*, *, null)          = null
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("", "", "")          = ""
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("", "", "]")         = null
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("", "[", "]")        = null
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("yabcz", "", "")     = ""
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("yabcz", "y", "z")   = "abc"
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("yabczyabcz", "y", "z")   = "abc"
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param str 被切割的字符串
	 * @param before 截取开始的字符串标识
	 * @param after 截取到的字符串标识
	 * @return 截取后的字符串
	 * @since 3.1.1
	 */
	public static String subBetween(CharSequence str, CharSequence before, CharSequence after) {
		if (str == null || before == null || after == null) {
			return null;
		}

		final String str2 = str.toString();
		final String before2 = before.toString();
		final String after2 = after.toString();

		final int start = str2.indexOf(before2);
		if (start != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
			final int end = str2.indexOf(after2, start + before2.length());
			if (end != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
				return str2.substring(start + before2.length(), end);
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * 截取指定字符串中间部分，不包括标识字符串<br>
	 * 
	 * 栗子：
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 * StrUtil.subBetween(null, *)            = null
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("", "")             = ""
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("", "tag")          = null
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("tagabctag", null)  = null
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("tagabctag", "")    = ""
	 * StrUtil.subBetween("tagabctag", "tag") = "abc"
	 * </pre>
	 * 
	 * @param str 被切割的字符串
	 * @param beforeAndAfter 截取开始和结束的字符串标识
	 * @return 截取后的字符串
	 * @since 3.1.1
	 */
	public static String subBetween(CharSequence str, CharSequence beforeAndAfter) {
		return subBetween(str, beforeAndAfter, beforeAndAfter);
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @param type
	 * @param value
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 * @author tanyaowu
	 */
	public static Object convert(Class<?> type, String value) throws Exception {
		if (type == String.class) {
			return value;
		} else {
			if (StrUtil.isBlank(value)) {
				return null;
			}

			if (type == Byte.class || type == byte.class) {
				return Byte.parseByte(value);
			} else if (type == Short.class || type == short.class) {
				return Short.parseShort(value);
			} else if (type == Integer.class || type == int.class) {
				return Integer.parseInt(value);
			} else if (type == Long.class || type == long.class) {
				return Long.parseLong(value);
			} else if (type == Float.class || type == float.class) {
				return Float.parseFloat(value);
			} else if (type == Double.class || type == double.class) {
				return Double.parseDouble(value);
			} else if (type == Character.class || type == char.class) {
				return Character.valueOf(value.charAt(0));
			} else if (type == Boolean.class || type == boolean.class) {
				return "1".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || "true".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || "yes".equalsIgnoreCase(value);
			} else if (type == BigDecimal.class) {
				return new BigDecimal(value);
			} else if (type == BigInteger.class) {
				return new BigInteger(value);
			} else if (type == Number.class) {
				return NumberFormat.getInstance().parse(value);
			} else if (type == Date.class) {
				return DateUtil.parseToDate(value);
			} else if (type == java.sql.Date.class) {
				return DateUtil.parseToSqlDate(value);
			} else if (type == java.sql.Timestamp.class) {
				return DateUtil.parseToTimestamp(value);
			} else if (type == java.sql.Time.class) {
				return DateUtil.parseToTime(value);
			}
		}

		throw new Exception("不知道要转换成啥" + type);
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @param type
	 * @param values
	 * @return 返回的也是一个数组
	 * @throws Exception
	 * @author tanyaowu
	 */
	//	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static Object convert(Class<?> type, String[] values) throws Exception {
		if (values == null) {
			return null;
		}

		Class<?> componentType = null;
		if (type.isArray()) {
			componentType = type.getComponentType();
		} else {
			componentType = type;
		}

		if (componentType.isPrimitive()) {
			if (componentType == int.class) {
				int[] ret = new int[values.length];
				for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
					if (isBlank(values[i])) {
						ret[i] = 0;
						continue;
					}
					ret[i] = Integer.parseInt(values[i]);
				}
				return ret;
			} else if (componentType == long.class) {
				long[] ret = new long[values.length];
				for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
					if (isBlank(values[i])) {
						ret[i] = 0;
						continue;
					}
					ret[i] = Long.parseLong(values[i]);
				}
				return ret;
			} else if (componentType == short.class) {
				short[] ret = new short[values.length];
				for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
					if (isBlank(values[i])) {
						ret[i] = 0;
						continue;
					}
					ret[i] = Short.parseShort(values[i]);
				}
				return ret;
			} else if (componentType == double.class) {
				double[] ret = new double[values.length];
				for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
					if (isBlank(values[i])) {
						ret[i] = 0;
						continue;
					}
					ret[i] = Double.parseDouble(values[i]);
				}
				return ret;
			} else if (componentType == float.class) {
				float[] ret = new float[values.length];
				for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
					if (isBlank(values[i])) {
						ret[i] = 0;
						continue;
					}
					ret[i] = Float.parseFloat(values[i]);
				}
				return ret;
			} else if (componentType == byte.class) {
				byte[] ret = new byte[values.length];
				for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
					if (isBlank(values[i])) {
						ret[i] = 0;
						continue;
					}
					ret[i] = Byte.parseByte(values[i]);
				}
				return ret;
			} else if (componentType == boolean.class) {
				boolean[] ret = new boolean[values.length];
				for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
					if (isBlank(values[i])) {
						ret[i] = false;
						continue;
					}
					ret[i] = "1".equalsIgnoreCase(values[i]) || "true".equalsIgnoreCase(values[i]) || "yes".equalsIgnoreCase(values[i]);
				}
				return ret;
			} else if (componentType == char.class) {
				char[] ret = new char[values.length];
				for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
					if (isBlank(values[i])) {
						ret[i] = 0;
						continue;
					}
					ret[i] = Character.valueOf(values[i].charAt(0));
				}
				return ret;
			}
			return null;
		} else {
			Object[] ret = ArrayUtil.newArray(componentType, values.length);
			for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
				ret[i] = convert(componentType, values[i]);
			}
			return ret;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 查找指定字符串是否包含指定字符串列表中的任意一个字符串
	 * 
	 * @param str 指定字符串
	 * @param testStrs 需要检查的字符串数组
	 * @return 是否包含任意一个字符串
	 * @since 3.2.0
	 */
	public static boolean containsAny(CharSequence str, CharSequence... testStrs) {
		return null != getContainsStr(str, testStrs);
	}

	/**
	 * 查找指定字符串是否包含指定字符串列表中的任意一个字符串，如果包含返回找到的第一个字符串
	 * 
	 * @param str 指定字符串
	 * @param testStrs 需要检查的字符串数组
	 * @return 被包含的第一个字符串
	 * @since 3.2.0
	 */
	public static String getContainsStr(CharSequence str, CharSequence... testStrs) {
		if (isEmpty(str) || testStrs == null) {
			return null;
		}
		for (CharSequence checkStr : testStrs) {
			if (str.toString().contains(checkStr)) {
				return checkStr.toString();
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * 大写首字母<br>
	 * 例如：str = name, return Name
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @return 字符串
	 */
	public static String upperFirst(CharSequence str) {
		if (null == str) {
			return null;
		}
		if (str.length() > 0) {
			char firstChar = str.charAt(0);
			if (Character.isLowerCase(firstChar)) {
				return Character.toUpperCase(firstChar) + subSuf(str, 1);
			}
		}
		return str.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * 小写首字母<br>
	 * 例如：str = Name, return name
	 * 
	 * @param str 字符串
	 * @return 字符串
	 */
	public static String lowerFirst(CharSequence str) {
		if (null == str) {
			return null;
		}
		if (str.length() > 0) {
			char firstChar = str.charAt(0);
			if (Character.isUpperCase(firstChar)) {
				return Character.toLowerCase(firstChar) + subSuf(str, 1);
			}
		}
		return str.toString();
	}
}
